Reflection 3

In the second semester we focused on two types of writing which are the description of graphs and problem & solution. I am going to present what I have learned from both.

In relation to the description of graphs, we started by a chart with some information, and described the numbers as sentences. First, we did the single pies moving to double pies. After that we did bar charts, like the data-producing countries. Finally we did tables of information such as hurricanes & tornadoes. The point that we have learned is how to describe charts and tables information and translate them to a complete and clear paragraph.

On the other hand problem & solution was a little bit different. We did this type of writing by 4 paragraphs. the first one should be the introduction and the second; talking about the causes of the problem then the next one it’s about the possible solution and finally the conclusion. This type of essay is giving us the experience of how to analyze problems and give solutions by expressing and that Gives the student the freedom to speak and debate.

Global Warming

In this essay I am going to discuss some causes and effects of global warming, which is making a huge problem in the earth.

The rise of air temperatures near Earth's surface over the past century is known as global warming. It is the result of increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which are trapping heat inside the atmosphere.

Global warming is caused by two elements which include man-made causes and natural causes. Natural causes come with a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas and a very dangerous gas to our environment .Also there are man-made causes  and these effects are the most damaging to our planet. One of the worst man-made factors is pollution.

The consequences of global warming   is the melting of large parts of Antarctica, which will lead to a rise in sea level and thus the sinking of large parts of the tropical islands and low lying coastal areas.  It will also Increase the rate of spread of diseases such as malaria and cholera because of the migration of insect vectors. Some reservoirs may dry up if temperature increases, especially if rainfall also decreases. Rising sea levels may pollute fresh groundwater supplies with salt water .Global warming is one of the dangers that threaten life on Earth's surface, which requires making legal and technical measures to preserve the environment.


Finally, people are searching for different, or alternative, sources of energy to power their vehicles, so reducing energy use is seen as a key solution to the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need to cooperate in order to reduce global warming, by maintaining the rainforest and reducing consumption of fossil fuels. In addition we should use air filters in the chimneys of factories  and adapters. According to the International Energy Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third. In my opinion using alternative sources is the best solution to reduce global warming which threatens human life. There are a lot of ways we could solve this problem but it is not going to be easy.

These two pie charts show the types of gifts that man and women in the USA buy for each other on 14th February, Valentine’s day.

As we know that men and women are usually share different kinds of gifts on The Valentine’s day.
The most populat gift that men and women buy is card with 18% for men and 27% for women. Mens are more than women is buying flower and that is written with 16% for men, while 11% for women However,  more women, 27%, buy cards than men, 18%. Rather surprisingly, more women, around a fifth, buy candy for men than vice versa.  Both men and women are equal in purchase jewelry/jewellery with 10%. More than twice women buy perfume or cologne than Men. Men spend more than women on both lingerie and spa/personal care, which is probably what you’d expect.

In conclusion, In my opinion that the proposed rates is realistic

Top Ten Date-Producing Countries, 2001

Ten Countries are in 2001. They are Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Libia, Oman, Pakistan, saudi Arabia, Sudan and The UAE. They have different levels of annual production in tonnes.
 First, I am going to talk about the biggest producer. which is Egypt. It recorded one million and one hundred thousand tonnes in 2001. The second highest number was Iran that made nine hundred thousand tonnes. Then comes the UAE with seven hundred thousand tonnes. Saudi Arabia is is less than The UAE with around ten thousand tonnes. Libya and Sudan each accounted for less than 200 000 tonnes in 2001. The difference between Egypt and Libya is one million tonnes .

In summary, date production was most abundout in Egypt and Iran and least plentiful in Libya and Sudan.

UK Budget: where the money goes

This pie chart shows money spent by the UK government in 1996. I am going to tell you about the UK budget and where money went. The UK budget spent 315 billion and this money goes to many and different departments Health and personal Social services is given 53  billion. While the law and order is given 17 billion. The Education is the third  highest spending and took 38 billion, while the lawest spending was the accorded  for Industry, Agriculture and Employment. Dept interest was 25 billion and other expenditure was about 23 billion. Housing, Heritage and environment cost around 15 billion. The highest value in money spending was by Social Security at 100 billion.
In this chart we may conclude that the highest cost was the Social security, While the lawest cost was the transport.

Journey to Niah Caves

A Journey from Brunei to Sarawak Thirty years ago, Hedley, with his wife Mary and daughter Katie visited the Niah Caves in Sarawak, East Malaysia. They travelled by car, ferry, and boat.

They set off from Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei and drove to the border with Sarawak. They crossed two large rivers by ferry, stopped in Miri for lunch and then continued to Niah, a small river township. Then they hired a small boat and sailed upriver to a government rest house, where they spent the night. They ate with the small group of scientists who lived in the rest house and shared the cold drinks they had brought with them in a cool box. It was a remote spot, deep in the jungle. They slept in bunk beds with no air-conditioning. It was a novel experience.

The next morning, they walked along a jungle path for half an hour until they reached the Niah caves. Inside the caves, which were very high, they saw men who climbed up tall bamboo poles. The men wore lights on their hats because it was so dark. At the top of the poles they scraped off birds’ nests from the roof of the caves. The nests were collected by their mates on the cave floor and packed into sacks. These nests were later sold and made into bird’s nest soup, a Chinese delicacy. 

 That afternoon, they said goodbye to their new-found friends in the rest house and set off on the long drive home. It was quite an adventure and one they would never forget.